Ankylosing Spondylitis

Ankylosing Spondylitis : Causes, Symptoms & Effective Treatment

Introduction

Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), also known as Axial Spondyloarthritis (Axial SpA), is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints but can also involve other parts of the body. It is considered a type of autoimmune disease and falls under the broader category of spondyloarthritis. Let’s delve into the causes, symptoms, and effective physiotherapy treatment options for Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Causes of Ankylosing Spondylitis Tennis Elbow Golfer’s Elbow Elbow Tendonitis Elbow Bursitis Elbow Fractures or Dislocations Nerve Compression

The exact cause of AS is not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component. The majority of individuals with AS carry a specific genetic marker known as HLA-B27, although not everyone with this marker will develop the condition. Other factors, such as environmental triggers and a dysregulated immune system, are thought to play a role in the development of AS. However, it’s important to note that AS is not contagious and cannot be passed from person to person.

Symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis Chronic back pain Morning stiffness Reduced spinal flexibility Fatigue Eye inflammation

The hallmark symptom of AS is inflammation of the spine and sacroiliac joints. Common symptoms include:

 

  1. Chronic back pain: This pain often starts in the lower back and can be dull, aching, and worsen over time.

 

  1. Morning stiffness: Stiffness and pain are typically most severe in the morning and gradually improve with activity.

 

  1. Reduced spinal flexibility: AS can lead to a loss of spinal mobility, causing a stooped or hunched posture.

 

  1. Fatigue: Many people with AS experience fatigue, which can be related to both the disease itself and poor sleep due to pain.

 

  1. Eye inflammation: A condition known as uveitis or iritis can cause eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light.

 

  1. Other symptoms: AS can also affect other parts of the body, leading to symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, and digestive issues.

Effective Treatments for Ankylosing Spondylitis Exercise Programs Deep Breathing and Chest Expansion Hydrotherapy Manual Therapy Education Assistive Devices Pain Management Monitoring Progress

Exercise Programs

Physical therapists can design tailored exercise programs that focus on improving flexibility and strength. These exercises often include stretching, posture correction, and core strengthening.

Exercise Programs
Deep Breathing and Chest Expansion

Breathing exercises can help maintain lung function and prevent complications related to chest involvement in AS.

Deep Breathing and Chest Expansion
Hydrotherapy

Aquatic therapy in a heated pool can provide pain relief and improve joint mobility. The buoyancy of water reduces the impact on joints.

Hydrotherapy
Manual Therapy

Hands-on techniques, such as joint mobilization and soft tissue manipulation, can help alleviate pain and improve joint mobility.

Manual Therapy
Education

Physiotherapists can educate individuals about proper posture, body mechanics, and strategies for managing symptoms in daily life.

Education
Assistive Devices

If needed, physiotherapists can recommend assistive devices like canes or braces to aid mobility and reduce strain on affected joints.

Assistive Devices
Pain Management

Techniques such as heat or cold therapy, TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), and ultrasound may be used to manage pain.

Pain Management
Monitoring Progress

Regular follow-up with a physiotherapist helps assess progress and adjust treatment plans accordingly.

Monitoring Progress

Ankylosing Spondylitis Physiotherapy Treatment

It’s important to note that while physiotherapy can be highly effective in managing AS, it should be integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan that may also include medications, lifestyle modifications, and regular monitoring by a rheumatologist or healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and proactive management are key to minimizing the impact of AS on an individual’s life.

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing AS by improving mobility, reducing pain, and enhancing overall quality of life.

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