Frozen Shoulder

Introduction

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful and often debilitating condition that affects the shoulder joint. It typically develops gradually and progresses through stages, causing pain and limited range of motion in the shoulder. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and effective physiotherapy treatment options for frozen shoulder can be crucial for managing and alleviating this condition.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder Inflammation Immobilization Diabetes Other Medical Conditions

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not always clear, but several factors may contribute to its development. These include:

 

  1. Inflammation: Inflammation of the shoulder joint’s lining (synovium) can lead to the formation of adhesions or scar tissue, which restricts movement.

 

  1. Immobilization: Prolonged immobilization of the shoulder due to injury, surgery, or other medical conditions can increase the risk of developing frozen shoulder.

 

  1. Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing frozen shoulder, although the exact reason is not fully understood.

 

  1. Other Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, heart disease, and Parkinson’s disease may increase the risk of frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder Freezing Stage Frozen Stage Thawing Stage

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three main stages, each characterized by different symptoms:

 

  1. Freezing Stage: This initial stage involves the gradual onset of pain and a progressive loss of shoulder motion. This stage can last from a few weeks to several months.

 

  1. Frozen Stage: During this stage, the pain may begin to decrease, but the shoulder remains stiff, making it difficult to move. This stage can last for several months to a year or more.

 

  1. Thawing Stage: In the final stage, the shoulder gradually regains its range of motion, and the pain subsides. This stage can also last several months.

Effective Treatments for Frozen Shoulder Range of Motion Exercises Stretching Exercises Strengthening Exercises Strengthening Exercises Heat and Ice Therapy Manual Therapy Pain Management Techniques Home Exercise Programs

Range of Motion Exercises

Physiotherapists will prescribe specific exercises to improve shoulder mobility gradually. These may include passive and active range of motion exercises.

Range of Motion Exercises
Stretching Exercises

Gentle stretching exercises help reduce muscle tightness and improve flexibility in the shoulder joint.

Stretching Exercises
Strengthening Exercises

Strengthening the muscles around the shoulder can help support joint function and reduce pain. Exercises often target the rotator cuff muscles.

Strengthening Exercises
Heat and Ice Therapy

Heat may be applied before exercises to relax the shoulder muscles, while ice can be used afterward to reduce inflammation.

Heat and Ice Therapy
Manual Therapy

Physiotherapists may use hands-on techniques to mobilize the shoulder joint and surrounding tissues, which can help improve range of motion.

Manual Therapy
Pain Management Techniques

Physiotherapists can teach pain management strategies, such as posture correction and ergonomic advice, to minimize discomfort during daily activities.

Pain Management Techniques
Home Exercise Programs

Patients are often given a home exercise program to continue their rehabilitation between physiotherapy sessions.

Home Exercise Programs

Frozen Shoulder Physiotherapy Treatment

It’s important to note that the effectiveness of physiotherapy for frozen shoulder can vary from person to person, and treatment duration may be prolonged. In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend additional interventions such as corticosteroid injections or, rarely, surgery to release the joint capsule.

If you suspect you have frozen shoulder or are experiencing shoulder pain and limited mobility, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional, such as a physiotherapist or orthopaedic specialist, for a proper evaluation and tailored treatment plan. Early intervention and consistent physiotherapy exercises can significantly improve the outcomes for individuals with frozen shoulder.

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