Reactive Arthritis

Introduction

Reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter’s syndrome, is a type of inflammatory arthritis that typically develops in response to an infection in another part of the body. This condition primarily affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness, but it can also involve other systems, such as the eyes, skin, and urinary tract. Here’s a comprehensive overview of reactive arthritis, including its causes, symptoms, and effective physiotherapy treatment options:

Causes of Reactive Arthritis infection Chlamydia trachomatis

The exact cause of reactive arthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be triggered by an infection, usually a bacterial or viral infection. Some common pathogens associated with reactive arthritis include Chlamydia trachomatis (a sexually transmitted infection), Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter. In genetically predisposed individuals, the immune system’s response to the infection can lead to inflammation in various parts of the body, including the joints.

Symptoms of Reactive Arthritis Joint pain and swelling Lower back pain Eye inflammation Skin changes Urinary symptoms Swollen fingers and toes

The symptoms of reactive arthritis can vary in severity and may develop weeks to months after the initial infection. Common signs and symptoms include:

 

  1. Joint pain and swelling: Reactive arthritis typically affects large joints, such as the knees, ankles, and feet. The joints may become swollen, tender, and painful, making it difficult to move.

 

  1. Lower back pain: Some people with reactive arthritis experience lower back pain, which can be quite severe. This is often referred to as sacroiliitis, as it affects the sacroiliac joints in the pelvis.

 

  1. Eye inflammation: A condition called uveitis or conjunctivitis can cause eye redness, pain, and sensitivity to light. It can occur in one or both eyes.

 

  1. Skin changes: Skin rashes, such as keratoderma blennorrhagica and circinate balanitis, may develop in some individuals.

 

  1. Urinary symptoms: Inflammation of the urinary tract can lead to symptoms like pain, frequent urination, and discharge.

 

  1. Swollen fingers and toes: Some people with reactive arthritis develop a condition called dactylitis, where fingers and toes become swollen, giving them a sausage-like appearance.

Effective Treatments for Reactive Arthritis Range of motion exercises Strength Training Modalities Assistive Devices Education and self-management Posture and body mechanics Pain management techniques

Range of Motion Exercises

Physiotherapists can design specific exercises to improve joint flexibility and reduce stiffness.

Range of Motion Exercises
Strength Training

Strengthening exercises help support the affected joints and improve overall function. They also help to maintain muscle mass and prevent muscle weakness.

Strength Training
Modalities

Heat or cold therapy can be used to reduce pain and inflammation in affected joints.

Modalities
Assistive Devices

If necessary, physiotherapists can recommend assistive devices such as splints or braces to support and protect affected joints.

Assistive Devices
Education and Self-Management

Physiotherapists educate patients about the condition, its triggers, and ways to manage symptoms through exercise and lifestyle modifications.

Education and Self-Management
Posture and Body Mechanics

Proper posture and body mechanics can help reduce strain on the affected joints and improve overall comfort.

Posture and Body Mechanics
Pain Management Techniques

Physiotherapists can teach pain management techniques such as relaxation exercises and deep breathing.

Pain Management Techniques

Reactive Arthritis Physiotherapy Treatment

It’s important to note that treatment plans should be individualized, taking into account the specific needs and limitations of each patient. Additionally, medications prescribed by a rheumatologist or healthcare provider may be necessary to control inflammation and manage symptoms in some cases.

If you suspect you have reactive arthritis or are experiencing symptoms, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with reactive arthritis.

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